Everything, by category
Tools, reference tables and methods in one place. Items marked with a phase are in preparation and listed so you can see what is coming.
Cables & Raceways
Sizing, voltage drop, fill and conductor data.- AWG / kcmil to mm² →
Cross-section, diameter and nearest IEC 60228 size, generated from the AWG geometric definition.
- Cable Check →
Current, size adequacy for the size you specify, and running / starting voltage drop.
- Cable Check →
How current, size adequacy and voltage drop are screened.
- Conductor Resistance →
Copper and aluminum DC resistance by temperature, Ω/km and Ω/kft, with mass per length.
- Conduit Fill →
Fill percentage from the conduit and conductor dimensions you enter.
- Conduit Fill →
Fill percentage from the dimensions you supply, against the limit for the number of conductors.
- Maximum Cable Length by Size →
Longest run per conductor size for a given load and voltage drop limit.
- Tray Fill →
Cable tray occupancy from tray width and cable diameters.
- Tray Fill →
Occupancy of a cable tray by area and by width.
Loads & Power Quality
Current, power triangle, power factor and loading.- Full-Load Current →
Amperes from kW, HP or kVA with voltage, phase, power factor and efficiency.
- Full-Load Current →
kW / HP / kVA to amperes for single- and three-phase systems at representative voltages.
- Full-Load Current →
Formulas and assumptions for converting power to current.
- kVA Triangle →
Solve kW, kVA, kVAR and power factor from any two values.
- kVA Triangle →
The power triangle relating kW, kVAR, kVA and power factor.
- Loading & Headroom →
How percent loading and headroom are aggregated up the system.
- Motor Efficiency (DOE) →
US federal minimum efficiencies for general-purpose motors, 2016 and 2027 standards — public-domain values.
- Power Factor Correction →
kVAR required to move from the present to a target power factor.
- Power Factor Correction →
Capacitor sizing for a target power factor, and the cautions that come with it.
- Transformer Minimum Efficiency (DOE) →
US federal minimum efficiencies for dry-type and liquid-immersed distribution transformers — public-domain values.
Short Circuit & Protection
Fault current, protective devices and relaying.- ANSI Device Numbers →
About thirty commonly used protective relay device numbers.
- Protective Relaying by Equipment →
Functions commonly applied to transformers, motors, generators, buses and feeders, with IEEE guide pointers.
- Standard Ratings →
Common fuse, breaker and transformer kVA ratings.
- Transformer Secondary Short-Circuit →
Secondary fault current on an infinite bus or with a finite source impedance.
- Transformer Short-Circuit →
Per-unit estimate of bolted secondary fault current and its limits.
Power Sources & Backup
Generators, UPS, batteries and solar.- Emergency Generator Sizing →
Running kW, largest motor starting kVA, transient voltage dip and step loading.
- Emergency Generator Sizing →
The PG1–PG3 method: running load, voltage dip on starting, instantaneous engine load.
- Solar PV Area & Output →
Area for a target kW, or kW and annual energy for an area; fixed tilt or tracking; row spacing.
- Solar PV Area & Output →
Winter-solstice row spacing, ground coverage ratio and the annual energy estimate.
Grounding, Lightning & Corrosion
Electrodes, step and touch voltage, lightning risk, cathodic protection.- Cathodic Protection Groundbed →
Current requirement, anode count and life, and groundbed resistance for deep-well, vertical and horizontal beds.
- Cathodic Protection Groundbed →
Current, anode count and life, Dwight and Sunde groundbed resistance, rectifier rating.
- Ground Grid Step & Touch Voltage →
Tolerable and calculated step and touch voltages for a substation grid (IEEE 80 method).
- Ground Grid Step & Touch Voltage →
The IEEE Std 80 simplified equations, their range and what they leave out.
- Ground Rod Resistance →
Estimated resistance using the Dwight / Sunde approximations.
- Ground Rod Resistance →
Dwight formula and mutual resistance for rods in a line or ring.
- Lightning Risk Assessment →
Collection area, expected strike frequency and tolerable frequency (NFPA 780 / IEC 62305-2 methods).
- Lightning Risk Assessment →
Collection area and the expected versus tolerable strike frequency.
Hazardous Locations
Area classification and protection concepts, NEC and IEC.- Explosion Protection Concepts →
Ex d, e, i, nA, p, m, o, q, t — what each does and where it is typically used.
- Hazardous Areas: NEC vs IEC →
Class/Division and Zone systems side by side, gas groups and temperature classes explained.
- NEMA vs IP Enclosures →
How NEMA enclosure types relate to IP ratings, explained in our own words.
Electrical Rooms & Lighting
Heat dissipation, cooling and illumination.- Electrical Room Heat Load →
Heat from panels by type, rating and quantity, and the cooling it takes to remove it.
- Electrical Room Heat Load →
Loss models per equipment type, DOE transformer losses, BTU/hr, tons and ventilation airflow.
- Illuminance (Lumen Method) →
Average illuminance or luminaire count for a room.
- Illuminance (Lumen Method) →
Room cavity ratio, luminaire count, grid layout and spacing check.
- Working Space (OSHA) →
Clear depth in front of electrical equipment by voltage and condition — federal public-domain values.
Reliability & Topology
Single points of failure and resilience of the distribution.- Resilience Score →
How the relative resilience index is built. Not an availability figure.
- Single Point of Failure →
How single-outage scenarios are generated and evaluated.
Testing & Maintenance
Checklists and field test corrections.- Insulation Resistance Temperature Correction →
The principle and formula behind temperature-correcting IR readings.
- IR Temperature Correction →
Correct a measured insulation resistance to a reference temperature.
- Maintenance Checklist →
Printable checklists for six equipment types with instrument classes and document pointers. No pass/fail values.
- Maintenance Checklist →
How checklist items, instrument classes and document pointers are assembled.
- Minimum Approach Distances (OSHA) →
How close qualified workers may come to energized parts, 50 V to 800 kV, with altitude correction — federal public-domain values.
Units & General Reference
Units, voltages, colors, ratings and terminology.- Glossary (EN ↔ KR) →
Searchable English–Korean electrical terminology.
- Unit Conversions →
HP/kW, ft/m, lb·ft/N·m, mil/mm and circular mils.
- Unit Converter →
Engineering unit conversions.
- Voltage Systems →
Nominal system voltages and frequencies by country, with pointers to the governing standards.
- Wire Colors →
Conductor identification colors by country and system.
- Code Pointers
Which standard and clause to consult for a given situation. Pointers only.