Reference
Tables generated at build time from physical definitions and formulas. Each page shows how its table is generated. Standards are cited by clause only; their tables are not reproduced.
Cables & Raceways
Sizing, voltage drop, fill and conductor data.- AWG / kcmil to mm² →
Cross-section, diameter and nearest IEC 60228 size, generated from the AWG geometric definition.
- Conductor Resistance →
Copper and aluminum DC resistance by temperature, Ω/km and Ω/kft, with mass per length.
- Maximum Cable Length by Size →
Longest run per conductor size for a given load and voltage drop limit.
Loads & Power Quality
Current, power triangle, power factor and loading.- Full-Load Current →
kW / HP / kVA to amperes for single- and three-phase systems at representative voltages.
- Motor Efficiency (DOE) →
US federal minimum efficiencies for general-purpose motors, 2016 and 2027 standards — public-domain values.
- Transformer Minimum Efficiency (DOE) →
US federal minimum efficiencies for dry-type and liquid-immersed distribution transformers — public-domain values.
Short Circuit & Protection
Fault current, protective devices and relaying.- ANSI Device Numbers →
About thirty commonly used protective relay device numbers.
- Protective Relaying by Equipment →
Functions commonly applied to transformers, motors, generators, buses and feeders, with IEEE guide pointers.
- Standard Ratings →
Common fuse, breaker and transformer kVA ratings.
Power Sources & Backup
Generators, UPS, batteries and solar.- Grid CO₂ Emission Factors (eGRID) →
Total output and non-baseload CO₂ rates for the 27 US grid subregions — EPA public data.
Hazardous Locations
Area classification and protection concepts, NEC and IEC.- Explosion Protection Concepts →
Ex d, e, i, nA, p, m, o, q, t — what each does and where it is typically used.
- Hazardous Areas: NEC vs IEC →
Class/Division and Zone systems side by side, gas groups and temperature classes explained.
- NEMA vs IP Enclosures →
How NEMA enclosure types relate to IP ratings, explained in our own words.
Electrical Rooms & Lighting
Heat dissipation, cooling and illumination.- Working Space (OSHA) →
Clear depth in front of electrical equipment by voltage and condition — federal public-domain values.
Testing & Maintenance
Checklists and field test corrections.- Insulation Resistance Temperature Correction →
The principle and formula behind temperature-correcting IR readings.
- Minimum Approach Distances (OSHA) →
How close qualified workers may come to energized parts, 50 V to 800 kV, with altitude correction — federal public-domain values.
Units & General Reference
Units, voltages, colors, ratings and terminology.- Glossary (EN ↔ KR) →
Searchable English–Korean electrical terminology.
- Unit Conversions →
HP/kW, ft/m, lb·ft/N·m, mil/mm and circular mils.
- Voltage Systems →
Nominal system voltages and frequencies by country, with pointers to the governing standards.
- Wire Colors →
Conductor identification colors by country and system.
- Code Pointers
Which standard and clause to consult for a given situation. Pointers only.
Grade G: physics, geometry and our own writing. Grade Y: facts compiled by standards bodies, described in our own words with attribution. Grade R: pointers only.